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English
name: Liquorice |
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Family:
Fabaceae |
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Part
used: Rhizomes and tuberous
roots |
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Its
traditional uses include treating peptic
ulcers, asthma, pharyngitis, malaria,
abdominal pain, insomnia, and infections.1
Decoction of the dried root is taken
orally as a diuretic, depurative and
emollient2. It is
also used in the treatment
of kidney stones3 and stomach
ache.4 |
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Licorice
is composed of triterpene saponins,
flavonoids, polysaccharides, pectins,
simple sugars, amino acids, mineral
salts, and various other substances.
Glycyrrhizin (glycyrrhizic acid), triterpenoidal
saponin; accounts for the sweet taste
of licorice root5. Other
flavanoides Glabridin, Glabrene, Isoliquiritigenin,
formononetin are also reported from
Glycyrrhiza glabra. |
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Licorice
has been reported to have antioxidant6-9,
antiulcer10-14, hepatoprotective15-16,
anti-asthmatic17, anti-inflammatory18,
antiviral19, anti-diabetic20
and anticancer activities21,22. |
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Natural
sweetner, antitussive, anti-inflammatory,
hyper acidity, heart burn and peptic
ulcer.
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References: |
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1. |
Textbook of Natural Medicine.
2nd Edition. 1999. (eds.) Joseph E. Pizzorno
Jr. & Michael T. |
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Murray. Harcourt Publishers
Limited. p. 768. |
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2. |
Novaretti, R. and D. Lemordant.
Plants in the traditional medicine of
the Ubaye Valley. J. Ethano- |
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pharmacol. 1990; 30(1):
1-34. |
| 3. |
Dafni, A., Z. Yaniv and
D. Palevitch. Ethnobotanical survey of
medicinal plants in Northern Israel. |
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J.
Ethanopharmaco. 1984; 10(3): 295-310. |
| 4. |
Fujita, T., E. Sezik,
M. Tabata, E. Yesilada, G. Honda, Y. Takeda,
T. Taanka and Y. Takaishi. |
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Traditional medicine in
Trukey VII. Folk medicine in Middle and
West Black Sea regions. Econ. Bot. 1995;
49(4): 406-422. |
| 5. |
Alternative
Medicine Review Volume 10, Number 3
2005. p.230. |
| 6. |
Mizeri et al., Jeiencer.,
41, 755-763(1987) |
| 7. |
Pepetto et al., Braz.J.Med.Biol.Bes.35,
523-534 (2002) |
| 8. |
Bafona et al., Phytomedicine,
12, 264-270 (2005) |
| 9. |
Ray et al., Indian J.Clin
Biochem. 17 (2), 44-51 |
| 10. |
A.R.Dehpour et al., The
Protective effect of liquorice components
and their derivatives against |
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gastric ulcer induced
by aspirin in rats, J.PharmPharmcol 1994,46;148-149 |
| 11. |
A.R.Dehpour et al., Antiulcer
activities of liquorice and its derivatives
in experimental gastric |
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lesion induced by ibuprofen
in rats, International J.Pharmaceutics,
119 (1995), 133-138. |
| 12. |
M.V.Pillai, P.M. Raveendran,
Deglycyrhizinated liquorice in the treatment
of chronic duodenal |
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ulcer, J. Assoc Physicians
India. 1978 Sep.26(9): 811-4 |
| 13. |
Habibullah CM,: A Double
blind trial of Deglycyrrhizinated licorice
in Peptic Ulcer, Indian |
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Pract,1979,32(2) 119-122 |
| 14. |
K.D.Bardhan, D.C.Cumberland:
Deglycyrrhizinated liquorice in gastric
ulcer: a double blind |
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controlled study. Gut.1976, May 17(5):397.
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| 15. |
Luper S. A review of plants
used in the treatment of liver disease:
part two. Altern Med Rev. |
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1999; 4(3):178-88. |
| 16. |
Acharya SK, Dasarathy S,
Tandon A, Joshi YK, Tandon BN. A preliminary
open trial on interferon |
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stimulator (SNMC) derived
from Glycyrrhiza glabra in the treatment
of subacute hepatic failure. Indian J
Med Res. 1993; 98:69-74. |
| 17. |
Taniguchi C, et al, “Pharmacological
effects of urinary products obtained after
treatment with |
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saiboku-to, a herbal medicine
for bronchial asthma, on type IV allergic
reaction. Planta Med. 2000; 66(7):607-11. |
| 18. |
Azimov MM, et al, “[Pharmacological
study of the anti-inflammatory agent glyderinine]”
Farmakol |
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Toksikol. 1988 Jul-Aug;51(4):90-3
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| 19. |
Subramoniam A, Pushpangadan
P. Development of phytomedicines for liver
disease. Ind J |
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Pharmacol. 1999; 31(3):
166-175. |
| 20. |
Nakagawa K, Kishida H,
Arai N, Nishiyama T, Mae T. Licorice flavonoids
suppress abdominal fat |
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accumulation and increase
in blood glucose level in obese diabetic
KK-A(y) mice. Biol Pharm Bull. 2004; 27(11):1775-8. |
| 21. |
Craig W, Beck L. Phytochemicals:
Health Protective Effects. Can J Diet
Pract Res. 1999 Summer; |
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60(2):78-84. |
| 22. |
Agarwal R, et al, “Inhibition
of mouse skin tumor-initiating activity
of DMBA by chronic oral |
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feeding of glycyrrhizin
in drinking water.” Nutr Cancer.
1991; 15(3-4):187-93. |
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DOC
NO. |
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NR/QCD/SPC/117 |
| ISSUE
DATE |
: |
02-04-2007 |
| REVISION
NO. |
: |
00 |
| ANALYTICAL
SPECIFICATION |
NUMBER
OF PAGES |
: |
01 |
| TITLE
: DG
LIQUORICE EXTRACT (£
3% GLYCYRRHIZIN & ³
0.75% FLAVANOIDS) |
| Plant
part |
: |
Root |
Fresh/Dry
|
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Dry |
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Sl. No. |
Tests |
Limits |
Protocol |
| 1.
|
Description |
Light
brown to Brown powder. |
| 2.
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Identification |
To pass the test |
By TLC |
| 3.
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Physico-chemical
analysis |
< 7.0 |
As per USP <921> Method III |
| Loss
on drying (%w/w) |
| Ash
content (%w/w) |
< 12.0 |
As per USP<561> |
| Acid
insoluble Ash (%w/w) |
< 4.0 |
| pH
of 5% w/v solution |
4.5 - 6.5 |
As per USP<791> |
| 4.
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Particle
Size |
0.20 - 0.80 |
As per USP <616> Method -
I |
| Bulk
Density (g/cc) |
| Tapped
bulk density (g/cc) |
0.25 - 0.90 |
| Material passing through 30# BS/35 ASTM (%w/w) |
> 99.0 |
As per USP <786> Particle Size distribution. |
| 5.
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Heavy
metal analysis |
< 10 ppm |
AAS / ICP -ES |
| Lead |
| Arsenic |
< 2 ppm |
| Cadmium |
< 1 ppm |
| Mercury |
< 0.1 ppm |
| 6.
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Microbiological
analysis |
< 104 cfu g-1 |
As per WHO/PHARMA/92.559/Rev.1
Pg.49-52 / As
per USP <61> & <62>
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| As per FIP Guidelines
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| Total
Viable Aerobic Count |
| Total
Enterobacteriaceae |
< 102 org g-1 |
| Total
Fungal Count |
< 102 fs g-1 |
| 7.
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Test
for Specific Pathogen |
Absent |
| As per FIP Guidelines |
| E.coli (1g) |
| Salmonella
typhi
(10g) |
Absent |
| S.aureus (1g) |
Absent |
| 8.
|
Mycotoxin
analysis |
< 5 ppb |
As per USP Test for Aflatoxins |
| Aflatoxins
(B1 + B2 + G1
+ G2) |
| 9.
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Residual
solvent analysis |
< 3000 |
As per USP |
| As per ICH Guidelines |
| Methanol
(ppm) |
| 10.
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Pesticide
residue analysis |
To comply with
USP |
As per AOAC / USP |
| As per USP & BP
Limits |
| Organochlorine
Pesticides |
| Organophosphorus
Pesticides |
| Synthetic
pyrethroids |
| 11.
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Phytochemical
analysis |
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By HPLC |
| Glycyrrhizin (%w/w) |
£ 3.0 |
| Flavanoids
(%w/w) |
³ 0.75 |
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